電氣工程論文編號(hào):DQ226   論文字?jǐn)?shù):21559,頁(yè)數(shù):49

摘要：以八位單片機(jī)為核心的嵌入式系統(tǒng)早已廣泛應(yīng)用于各個(gè)領(lǐng)域，這些應(yīng)用大多還處于單機(jī)使用的嵌入式底層階段。其特點(diǎn)是以MCU為核心，與一些簡(jiǎn)單的傳感器及監(jiān)測(cè)、指示、和顯示等設(shè)備配合，實(shí)現(xiàn)一定的測(cè)量、顯示、信息處理及控制等功能。雖然在許多應(yīng)用中利用了CAN、RS-232和RS-485等總線將MCU組網(wǎng)。但這種網(wǎng)絡(luò)的應(yīng)用空間有限，相關(guān)的通信協(xié)議也比較單一，并且沒(méi)有和廣泛應(yīng)用的Internet連接。目前，Internet已成為社會(huì)重要的基礎(chǔ)信息設(shè)施，是信息流通的重要渠道。嵌入式系統(tǒng)必將與Internet完美融合，方便、低廉的將信息傳送到世界上的任何一個(gè)地方。
 ARM體系的處理器是目前嵌入式系統(tǒng)中使用最廣泛的處理器。它采用了RISC技術(shù)，具有體積小、低功耗、低成本、高性能等特點(diǎn)，芯片內(nèi)部大量使用寄存器，指令執(zhí)行速度更快，指令長(zhǎng)度固定等特點(diǎn)，使得它的處理速度快，執(zhí)行效率高。由于Linux對(duì)于ARM技術(shù)的支持，具有內(nèi)核可裁減，代碼開(kāi)放的特點(diǎn)，把Linux應(yīng)用到嵌入式系統(tǒng)中，能充分發(fā)揮ARM和Linux的優(yōu)勢(shì)。
 本文首先說(shuō)明了所構(gòu)建的基于ARM的自主移動(dòng)的嵌入式系統(tǒng)的總體結(jié)構(gòu)，然后進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)計(jì)，接著針對(duì)系統(tǒng)的硬件設(shè)備移植了啟動(dòng)代碼，最后說(shuō)明了uCLinux內(nèi)核配備和移植相應(yīng)的的方法和說(shuō)明，最終開(kāi)發(fā)設(shè)計(jì)出一個(gè)基于ARM的自主移動(dòng)機(jī)器人的嵌入式系統(tǒng)核心。本文最后進(jìn)行了總結(jié)與展望。
關(guān)鍵詞:   嵌入式系統(tǒng)； ARM； 板級(jí)設(shè)計(jì)；設(shè)備驅(qū)動(dòng)程序
Abstract:Embedded system with eight bit microcomputer as the core is applied in various fields. These applications mainly stay in embed bottom floor stage of microcomputer. Its characteristics are taking MCU as core, with simple sensors and monitoring, prescription, and display device etc to realize certain functions such as measuring, displaying, information processing and controlling. Though CAN, RS-232 and RS-485 buses are applied to make up MCU network, this application space is very limited, relative protocols are somewhat simple, and there is no connection to broadly used Internet. Currently, Internet becomes important information infrastructure and main access of information communication. Embedded system must perfectly combined with Internet so as to transfer information to everywhere in the world.
 Processor in ARM system is mostly used in current embedded system. It takes RISC technology, with characteristics such as small volume, low power consumption, advanced function. Registers are greatly used in inner chip, instruction executes fast and with fixed length, which enables processor works fast with high effectiveness. As Linux supports ARM technology, has inner core can be downsizing and open codes, so applying Linux to embedded system can give fully play to ARM and Linux advantages. 
 General structure of automatically mobile embedded system based on ARM is explained in this paper, then system hardware design, replanting starting code to system hardware device, finally uCLinux inner core configuration and the method &instruction of replanting. Embedded system core in automatically mobile robotics based on ARM is designed and developed eventually, which is concluded and prospected at the end of the paper. 
Key words:  Embedded system； ARM；The board-grade design；Driver