[摘要]由于直流電機具有起動轉距大，體積小，重量輕，轉距和轉速容易控制以及效率高等十分優(yōu)良的特性。本文針對直流電機的特點，根據(jù)自動控制原理，采用PWM控制方式，設計了直流調速脈寬調速系統(tǒng)以更好地控制直流電機的速度。
本文介紹了基于單片機用PWM實現(xiàn)直流電機調整的基本方法，直流電機的相關知識，及PWM調整的基本原理和實現(xiàn)方法。重點介紹了基于89C51單片機的用軟件產(chǎn)生PWM信號的途徑，并介紹了PWM占空比調節(jié)的方法。對于直流電機速度控制系統(tǒng)系統(tǒng)的實現(xiàn)提供了一種有效途徑。
系統(tǒng)以89C51單片機為核心，以小直流電機為控制對象，實現(xiàn)速度單閉環(huán)，PID控制，方便的人機對話接口，用鍵盤輸入有關控制信號及參數(shù)，可以實現(xiàn)電機的啟制動，正反轉，速度調節(jié)，并在LED上實時顯示是如參數(shù)及動態(tài)轉速，采用單片機控制取代了以往的模擬控制，無零點漂移，使控制精度更高，而且方便系統(tǒng)的改進和升級，靈活性和適應性更強。
[關鍵詞]單片機系統(tǒng) PWM 直流電機調速
Direct current machine speed control system design
This paper introduces a kind of method of DC-motor speed modification based on PWM theory by the SCM. Showing some relative knowledge upon the DC-motor timing,the basic theory and the way to implement. And it emphasizes on the way or carrying out PWM signals based on MCS-51. This paper still provides a method for modifying the speed of DC-motor by way of taking count of data and time delay by software. It offers a sort of efficient method for the DC motor speed-controlling system.
A kind of PWM direct current motor speeding control system was introduced based on Singic Chip Micyoco control. Taking 89C51 Single Chip Micyoco as core and the little direct current motor as control object,the single closed loop speed control were realized. In the convenient man-machine interaction interface, the contol signal and parameter were iputted with keybaord so that the start and brake of motor,pros and cons turn and speed regulation were also realized. The input parameter and dynamic rotational speed can be shown on LED with real time. The former simulated control was replaced by Single Chip Micymoco control, which not only made the control precision higher without zero shift,but also facilitated the systematic improvement and upgrading,with flecibility and adaptability enhenced.
