說(shuō)明:本格式參閱中山大學(xué)外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)院英語(yǔ)專業(yè)論文寫(xiě)作格式要求,依據(jù)MLA、CMS 和《外語(yǔ)教學(xué)與研究》的格式,部分例子源于其他學(xué)術(shù)刊物。
References for this format: MLA, CMS, Foreign Language Teaching and Research and other journals.
I.注釋End-notes and In-text Citations
英語(yǔ)專業(yè)學(xué)生學(xué)位論文的注采用尾注和夾注,不采用腳注。
End –notes (rather than foot-notes) and in-text citations are used in BA/MA degree theses.
1.尾注End-notes
在正文需注釋處的右上方按順序加注數(shù)碼①②③……,在全文之后寫(xiě)注文,每條加對(duì)應(yīng)數(shù)碼,回行時(shí)與上一行注文對(duì)齊。
Use numbered End-notes at the end of the thesis to indicate the authority of stated opinions, facts, or exact quotations.
2.夾注 In-text Citations
某些引文和/或所依據(jù)的文獻(xiàn)無(wú)需詳細(xì)注釋者,以?shī)A注的形式隨文在括弧內(nèi)注明。
The citations are placed in parentheses ( ) within the text.
A.來(lái)自專著的直接引語(yǔ),作者姓名在文中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn) Direct quotation from a book, author’s NAME IN TEXT
格式: 出版年份:頁(yè)碼
format: Year: page number (s)
Examples:
Hasan 認(rèn)為主語(yǔ)“是從語(yǔ)篇的具體特征中分離出來(lái)的。它是語(yǔ)篇目的之所在。就特質(zhì)而言,它近乎一種概括”(1989:97)。
Rees said, “As key aspects of learning are not stable, but changeable, this opens the way for the role of the teacher as the pre-eminent mediator in the process” (1986: 241).
B.來(lái)自專著的直接引語(yǔ),作者姓名在文中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)Direct quotation from a book, author’s NAME NOT in text
格式:作者姓名,出版年份:頁(yè)碼
Format: Author’s last name, year: page number(s).
Examples:
“我們所懂得的只是實(shí)體存在的片段,可以肯定地說(shuō),一切具有重大意義的理論至多只能是部分地真實(shí),但這不應(yīng)作為放棄理論研究的借口”(Chomsky 1979: 48)。
“One reason perhaps is that the Chinese audience are more familiar with and receptive to Western culture than the average English readers is to Chinese culture” (Fung 1995: 71).
C.來(lái)自某篇文章的直接引語(yǔ),作者姓名在文中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)Direct quotations from an article, author’s NAME IN TEXT
格式:發(fā)表年份
Format: Year
Examples:
王宗炎做過(guò)這樣一個(gè)比喻,“語(yǔ)言學(xué)是一個(gè)百貨商店,顧客們各取所需”(1993)。
Ernst Rose submits, “The highly spiritual view of the world presented in Siddartha exercised its appeal on West and East alike” (1974).
D.來(lái)自某篇文章的直接引語(yǔ),作者姓名在文中沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)Direct quotations from an article, author’s NAME NOT in text
格式:作者姓名(英文只注姓)、出版年份。
Format: Author’s last name, year.
Examples:
“Everything rests on the notion that there is such a thing as ‘just’ words—but there isn’t” (Bateson 1972).
“歷史學(xué)家可能要在這里追溯語(yǔ)言的起源、發(fā)展和變化;哲學(xué)家可能想在這里研究認(rèn)識(shí)論問(wèn)題;心理學(xué)家可能為了探索人們?nèi)绾握f(shuō)出話來(lái),如何聽(tīng)懂別人的話;社會(huì)學(xué)家可能志在摸清社會(huì)組織、社會(huì)地位與語(yǔ)言有些什么關(guān)系”(王宗炎1993)。
E.來(lái)自專著的間接引語(yǔ),作者的姓名在文中已經(jīng)提到Indirect quotations from a book, author’s NAME IN TEXT
格式:出版年份:引文頁(yè)碼。
Format: Year: page number(s).
Examples:
Levinson (1983: 35) 認(rèn)為,語(yǔ)用學(xué)的發(fā)展就是對(duì)Chomsky 把語(yǔ)言視為游離于語(yǔ)言使用、使用者及語(yǔ)言功能之外的抽象機(jī)制的反作用。
According to Alun Rees (1986: 234), the writers focus on the unique contribution that each individual learner brings to the learning situation.
F.來(lái)自專著的間接引語(yǔ),作者的姓名在文中沒(méi)有提到Indirect quotations from a book, author’s NAME NOT in text
格式:作者姓名,出版年份:引文頁(yè)碼。
Format: Author’s last name, year: page number(s).
Examples:
這個(gè)學(xué)派與美國(guó)結(jié)構(gòu)主義語(yǔ)言學(xué)、喬姆斯基生成語(yǔ)法學(xué)派、布拉格學(xué)派、丹麥的哥本哈根學(xué)派等同為20世紀(jì)語(yǔ)言學(xué)界最為人矚目的語(yǔ)言學(xué)派(見(jiàn)王宗炎1985:94)。
In may be true that in the appreciation of medieva l art the attitude of the observer is of primary importance (see Robertson 1985: 136).
注:如所述觀點(diǎn)可直接從原文找到,用(見(jiàn)王宗炎黃子1985:94);如所述觀點(diǎn)部分與原文有關(guān),用(參見(jiàn)王宗炎1985:94)。
Note: If the stating theory can be directly found in the original text, declare the source by (see Robertson 1987: 136); if the stating theory can only partly be found in the original text, declare the source by (c.f. Robertson 1987: 136)
G.來(lái)自文章的間接引語(yǔ),作者的姓名在文中沒(méi)有提到Indirect quotations from an article, author’s NAME NOT in text
格式:作者姓名,出版年份。
Format: Author’s last name, year.